SCOPE AND IMPOTANCE
Coastal zone management (CZM) is a part of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), which is an interdisciplinary and inter sectoral approach to problem definition and solutions in the coastal zone, it includes a range of initiatives that promote environmentally sustainable development of coastal areas, and encompasses a range of activities such as community based management of coastal resources, large-scale infrastructure development (ports, industrial and residential parks, etc.), pollution and erosion control, aquaculture, tourism and recreation, oil spill contingency planning, and navigational risk assessment.CZM is a process of governance that consists of the legal and institutional framework necessary to ensure that development and management plans for coastal zones are integrated with environmental and social goals, and are developed with the participation of those affected. The purpose of ICM is to maximize the benefits provided by the coastal zone and to minimize the conflicts and harmful effects of activities on social, cultural and environmental resources. (World bank, 1996)
Purpose of Coastal Zone Management Maximize the benefits provided by the coastal zone Minimize conflicts and harmful effects of activities upon each other, resources and the environment Promote linkages between sectoral activities Guide coastal area development in an ecologically sustainable fasion For some, integrated coastal zone management protects habitats, i.e. wetlands, coral reefs and their water quality and also prevents the loss of life, while for others it provides a means of public access to coastal areas (which sometimes causes conflicts with private bodies)
Current status of the Japanese coastal zone environment relative to each of three functions is examined.In the areas of
Target Audience
Eminent Scientists/ Research Professors, Junior/Senior research fellows, Students, Directors of companies, Engineers, Members of different physics associations.
Glance at Market of Coastal Zones 2016
The coastal zone makes up only 10% of the ocean environment, but is home to over 90% of all marine species. For example, of the 13,200 known species of marine fish, almost 80% are coastal. According to the UN, around 3.6 billion people, or 60% of the world’s population, live within 60km of the coast. And 80% of all tourism takes place in coastal areas. Most of the goods we extract from the ocean - from fish to oil and gas - come from coastal regions. Coastal ecosystems also provide a range of services that benefit people around the world.
Coastal zones include the entire continental shelf and occupy about 18% of the surface of the globe, supplying about 90% of global fish catch and accounts for some 25% of global primary productivity while at the same time being some of the most endangered regions on the planet. This growth, which has reached its peak in recent decades, exerts pressures on the environmental and cultural resources of coastal areas, and negatively affects the social, economic and cultural patterns.
Which is indeed an important industry as the world fleet carries over 90% of the world trade by tonnage and shipbuilding is a business worth over U.S. $32 billion per annum. Offshore oil & gas is the world's biggest marine industry where production alone can have a value of more than $300 billion per annum.
As for Japan concerns, its economic growth having the key sectors like Fishing ,Coastal Tourism and mining&oiland gas. Japan ranked fourth in the world in 1996 in tonnage of fish caught. Japan was the fifth most visited country in Asia and the Pacific, with over 8.3 million tourists. In 2013, Japan received a record 11.25 million visitors, which was higher than the government's projected goal of 10 million visitors.Japan's mining production has been minimal, and Japan has very little mining deposits.However, massive deposits of rare earths have been found off the coast of Japan.In the 2011 fiscal year, the domestic yield of crude oil was 820 thousand kiloliters, which was 0.4% of Japan's total crude processing volume.
Exported aquaculture species in Japan, the main product is pearls. The export value of pearls in 2005 was US$ 243 million (Japan Tariff Association, 2006). Major export markets are the United States, Germany, Switzerland, Hong Kong, Italy, and Korea. Ornamental fish were also exported for US$ 9.3 million to the UK, Hong Kong, Germany, the United States and the Netherlands. Small quantities of fillets of yellowtail, live red seabream, and yesso scallops were also exported.
Distribution of Universities,Associations and Industries:
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