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vaccination
vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptiveimmunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for theworldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) reports licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent, or contribute to the prevention and control of, 25 vaccine-preventable infections.
The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coatproteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmintoxin of tetanus to remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.
Smallpox was most likely the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves. and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was designed in 1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner, although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children. When smallpox was finally eradicated in 1979, it had already killed an estimated 300–500 million people in the 20th century.
In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' have a similar meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either can refer to an immunization. Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsion brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions.
OMICS International Organizes 1000+ Global Events. Every Year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and Publishes 700+ Open Accesswhich contains over 100000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board and organizing committee members. The Conference serieswebsite will provide you list and details about the conference organize worldwide.
Scope & Importance
Global revenue for vaccine technologies was nearly $31.8 billion in 2011. This market is expected to increase from $33.6 billion in 2012 to $43.4 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3%.An overview of the global market for human and animal (veterinary) vaccines and related vaccine technologies. Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2010, 2011 and 2012, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2017. Examination of current and future strategies within the human and animal (veterinary) vaccines markets, including attenuated (live) vaccines, inactivated (killed) vaccines, conjugate vaccines, recombinant/recombinant DNA (rDNA) vaccines, subunit vaccines, toxoid vaccines, and combination vaccines. A breakdown of the seven major categories of vaccines broken down by market shares belonging to leading manufacturers and/or suppliers. Discussion of human and animal (veterinary) vaccines as to their prophylactic or therapeutic use, with emphasis in the meningococcal/pneumococcal vaccines, influenza vaccines, pediatric vaccines, adult/adolescent vaccines, and travel vaccines.
: Conferences from OMICS International: :
Protein Engineering Conference October 26-28, 2015 Chicago, USA
Vaccines Middle East Conference September 28-30, 2015 Dubai, UAE
Vaccines Asia Pacific Conference November 10-12, 2016 Melbourne, Australia
Vaccines 2015 November 30-December 02, 2015 San Francisco, USA
Euro Vaccines Conference June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy
Hepatities Vaccines Conference June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy
Hiv Vaccines Conference Oct 3-5, 2016 Miami, USA
Vaccines USA Conference November 30-December 02, 2015 San Francisco, USA
Proteomics Conference September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain
World Proteomics Conference March 29-30, 2016 Atlanta, USA
Conferences out of OMICS:
2015 IMMUNIZATION SUMMIT! NAMPA, IDAHO MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2015
14th Annual Measles and Rubella Initiative Meeting: Focusing on the Human and Financial Costs of Measles Washington, USA September 15-16, 2015
19th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research April 18-20, 2016 Baltimore, MD
Clinical Vaccinology Course Bethesda, MD November 13, 2015
9th Vaccine & ISV Congress 18-20 October 2015 | Lotte Hotel, Seoul, South Korea
2016 North Dakota State Immunization Conference August 3-4, 2016, Bismarck, ND
Relevant societies and associations:
Immunization Action Coalition
The International Society for Vaccines
Center for Knowledge Societies
Applied Research on Cancer (ARC-NET)
The network of National Cancer Institutions of Latin America (RINC)
American Cancer Society
African Organization for Research & Training in Cancer (AORTIC)
GAVI, THE VACCINE ALLIANCE
Centre of Genomics and Policy (CGP)
Companies:
Vaccine Delivery Innovation Initiative
Four Seasons Pharmacy
Dubai Health authority
pfizer
Sanofi
GlaxoSmithKline
Novartis
MSD
Antivenom & vaccine Production centre
The centre for food security &public Health
National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesGenebank
merck
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This page was last updated on November 19, 2024
