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Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline.[citation needed] Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels - such as oil, natural gas and biofuels - and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, and beer. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact. Pneumatic tubes using compressed air can be used to transport solid capsules. Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are lightly pressurised into liquids knows as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). Natural gas pipelines are constructed of carbon steel. Highly toxic ammonia is theoretically the most dangerous substance to be transported through long-distance pipelines, but accidents have been rare. Hydrogen pipeline transport is the transportation of hydrogen through a pipe. District heating or teleheating systems use a network of insulated pipes which transport heated water, pressurized hot water or sometimes steam to the customer. Pipelines conveying flammable or explosive material, such as natural gas or oil, pose special safety concerns and there have been various accidents. Pipelines can be the target of vandalism, sabotage, or even terrorist attacks. In war, pipelines are often the target of military attacks. Topics like Power and Generation of heat, Renewable energy by biosystem engineering, Bioprocess control parameters.
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National symposium and workshops provide participants with an advanced or updated review of the most novel, recent developments in research, treatment and management of various sectors of petroleum refinery. The conference is unfasten to all petroleum and chemical engineers, geologists, researchers, petrochemists, environmentalists and company R&D professionals.
The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies who operate approximately 115,000 kilometres of pipeline in Canada and 13,000 kilometres in the United States. These energy highways move approximately 1.2 billion barrels of liquid petroleum products and 5.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas each year. Our members transport 97 per cent of Canada’s daily crude oil and natural gas from producing regions to markets throughout North America. CEPA’s mission is to enhance the operating excellence, business environment and recognized responsibility of the Canadian energy transmission pipeline industry through leadership and credible engagement between member companies, governments, the public and stakeholders.
Scope and Importance
It is uncertain when the first crude oil pipeline was built. Credit for the development of pipeline transport is disputed, with competing claims for Vladimir Shukhov and the Branobel company in the late 19th century, and the Oil Transport Association, which first constructed a 2-inch (51 mm) wrought iron pipeline over a 6-mile (9.7 km) track from an oil field in Pennsylvania to a railroad station in Oil Creek, in the 1860s. Pipelines are generally the most economical way to transport large quantities of oil, refined oil products or natural gas over land.
Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are lightly pressurized into liquids knows as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). Small NGL processing facilities can be located in oil fields so the butane and propane liquid under light pressure of 125 pounds per square inch (860 kPa), can be shipped by rail, truck or pipeline. Propane can be used as a fuel in oil fields to heat various facilities used by the oil drillers or equipment and trucks used in the oil patch. EG: Propane will convert from a gas to a liquid under light pressure under 40 psi (280 kPa), give or take depending on temperature, and is pumped into cars and trucks at less than 125 psi (860 kPa) at retail stations. Pipelines and rail cars use about double that pressure to pump at 250 psi (1,700 kPa).
The distance to ship propane to markets is much shorter as thousands of NGL processing plants are located in oil fields or close by when a number of pipelines tie into each other from various relatively close fields. Many Bakken Basin oil companies in North Dakota, Montana, Manitoba and Saskatchewan gas fields separate the NGL's in the field, allowing the drillers to sell propane directly to small wholesalers, eliminating the large refinery control of product and prices for propane or butane.
The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.
Market Analysis
Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, and thus is a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, to a high of 53% for the Middle East.
Other geographic regions' consumption patterns are as follows: South and Central America (44%), Africa (41%), and North America (40%). The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil per year, with developed nations being the largest consumers. The United States consumed 25% of the oil produced in 2007. The production, distribution, refining, and retailing of petroleum taken as a whole represents the world's largest industry in terms of dollar value.
During the period of 2009-2014, the global petroleum market has generated about $5 trillion in revenue and has posted a strong growth of 11.9%. During the same period the U.S market generated $730 billion in revenue and has generated a growth of 7.6%. According to a survey the projected oil demand of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is expected to increase from 9.5 million barrel per day in 2015 to 11.9 million barrels per day in 2035.
List of Best International Conferences:
1.Petrochemistry and Chemical Engineering Conference
November 30-December 02, 2015 Atlanta, USA
2.Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Conference
September 14-15, 2015 Baltimore, USA
3. Biomass Conference
October 10-12, 2016 Dubai, UAE
4.Pipeline Technology Conference
23-25 May 2016,Berlin,Germany.
Relative Association
• European Petroleum Industry Association
• American Fuel and Petrochemic,bral Manufacturer
• Society of Petroleum Engineers
• Independent Petroleum Association of America
• American Association of Petroleum Geologists
• The Petroleum Marketers Association of America
• US Oil and Gas Association
• Petroleum Motor Transport Association
• Spill Control Association of America
• Association of Oil Pipelines
• International Association for Energy Economics
• The Petroleum Marketers Association of America
Relative Companies
• Buckeye Partners
• Crude oil pipelines companies
• Enbridge
• Koch Industries
• Transneft
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This page was last updated on November 22, 2024
