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As per available reports about 10 Relevant journals 12 Conferences, 14 Workshops are presently dedicated exclusively to breathing disorder and about 426 articles are being published on acute lung injury.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a diffuse heterogeneous lung injury characterized by hypoxemia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, low lung compliance and widespread capillary leakage. ALI is caused by any stimulus of local or systemic inflammation, principally sepsis. The term acute lung injury has been abandoned in the 2012 Berlin classification of ARDS, and this state is now called mild ARDS. For its diagnosis, it is no longer necessary to measure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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Scope and Importance:
Acute lung injury is a disorder of acute inflammation that causes disruption of the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers. The alveolar–capillary membrane is comprised of the micro vascular endothelium, interstitium, and alveolar epithelium. Cellular characteristics of ALI include loss of alveolar–capillary membrane integrity, excessive Tran’s epithelial neutrophil migration, and release of pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic mediators. Biomarkers found on the epithelium and endothelium and that are involved in the inflammatory and coagulation cascades predict morbidity and mortality in ALI. The differences between the human syndrome and the phenotype observed in animal models might, in part, explain why interventions that are successful in models have failed to translate into novel therapies. Improved animal models and the development of human in vivo and ex vivo models are therefore required. In this article, we consider the clinical features of ALI, discuss the limitations of current animal models and highlight how emerging human models of ALI might help to answer outstanding questions about this syndrome.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are defined as: Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure < 18 mmHg (2.4 k Pa) PaO2/FiO2* <300 mmHg (40 k Pa) = ALI PaO2/FiO2 <200 mmHg (26.7 k Pa) = ARDS There are two forms of ALI. Primary ALI is caused by a direct injury to the lung (e.g., pneumonia). Secondary ALI is caused by an indirect insult (e.g., pancreatitis). There are three phases – the acute or exudative phase is characterized by disruption of the alveolar-capillary interface, leakage of protein rich fluid into the interstitium and alveolar space, and extensive release of cytokines and migration of neutrophils. Clinical features are – severe dyspnea, tachypnea, and resistant hypoxemia. The core pathology is disruption of the capillary-endothelial interface: this actually refers to two separate barriers – the endothelium and the basement membrane of the alveolus. In the acute phase of ALI, there is increased permeability of this barrier, and protein rich fluid leaks out of the capillaries. There are two types of alveolar epithelial cells – Type 1 pneumocytes represent 90% of the cell surface area, and are easily damaged. Type 2 pneumocytes are more resistant to damage, which is important as these cells produce surfactant, transport ions and proliferate and differentiate into Type 1 cells. The cornerstone of treatment is to keep the PaO2 > 60 mmHg (8.0 k Pa), without causing injury to the lungs with excessive O2 or volutrauma. Steroids may have a role in chronic ARDS in patients, without infection, with high O2 requirements days to weeks into the disease process. It was historically known as "double pneumonia"It is important to note that ARDS is a disease of altered lung compliance. This is reduced due to the presence of large quantities of extra vascular lung water. However, chest wall compliance may also be low - in patients who are edematous, have had massive fluid resuscitation or have abdominal hypertension. In this situation, the chamber in which the lungs are inflating (the chest), bears more resemblance to a brick wall than a rib cage with muscles. Higher inflation pressures are required to inflate the lungs in these circumstances and higher PEEP is required to maintain FRC
Market Analysis:
The United Kingdom respiratory care market, based on anatomical features, the respiratory system is segmented into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract comprises pharynx, larynx, and nasal passages, while the lower respiratory tract includes trachea, lungs, and bronchi. Respiratory disease is a medical condition that affects the structure and organs associated with respiration or breathing. Equipment used to detect pulmonary abnormalities hold immense potential due to increasing prevalence of various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and pneumonia. Moreover, growing geriatric population and technological advancements would drive the global respiratory disease testing market. However, low adoption rate of digital radiography and portable spirometers are projected to hold back the growth of respiratory disease testing market from 2014 to 2022. The global respiratory disease testing market was valued at USD 2,326.5 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 3,143.3 million in 2022, expanding at a CAGR of 3.4% from 2014 to 2022. For instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in 2012 that around 18.7 million adults in the U.K. were suffering from asthma. The American Lung Association states that COPD is the third leading cause of death in the U.K.
3rd Rhinology and Otology Conference
April 25-27, 2016 Dubai, UAE
4th Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases Conference
May 16-18, 2016 San Antonio, USA
2nd Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine Conference
May 09-10, 2016 Chicago, USA
3rd COPD conference
July 11-12, 2016 Brisbane, Australia
2nd Infectious Diseases Conference:
August 25-27, 2016 Philadelphia, USA
Global Influenza Conferences
August 24-26, 2015 West Drayton, London, UK
4th Lung and Respiratory Care Conference
Aug-1-3, 2016 Manchester, UK
4th Immunology Conference
September 28-30, 2015 Houston, Texas, USA
Infectious Diseases and Diagnostic Microbiology Conference
Oct 3-5, 2016 Vancouver, Canada
2nd Flu Conference
November 17-19, 2016 San Francisco, USA
Indian Chest Society and Chest Physicians 17th Joint National Conference
November 4-7, 2015, Jaipur, India.
46th Lung Health Conference, Cape Town, South Africa,
Dec: 2-6, 2015
20th Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Respirology, Malaysia,
Dec-2-3, 2015
5th TB and Lung Disease Conference - Asia Pacific Region:
Aug-31, Sep- 2, 2015, Sydney
Respiratory Pathogens Conference:
Sep 2-4, 2015, Singapore
Respiratory Diseases Conference:
Sep3-6, Guiyang City
Respiratory Care Indonesia:
Sep2-4, Shangri-La Hotel
16th Lung Cancer Conference:
September 6 - 9 2015 Colorado, USA
European Respiratory Society International Congress:
26 September 2015, Amsterdam
Relevant Societies and Associations:
Cambridge Development Initiative
Cambridge Graduate Course in Medicine Society
Cambridge Romanian Society
Research Drones Society, Oxford
Midland Geotechnical Society – UK
Palaeontological Association – UK
The British Hospitality Association
National Housing Federation
Self-Storage Association UK
Vietnam Respiratory Society
Lung Health UK
British Lung Foundation
British Thoracic Society
British Association for Lung Research
The Sarcoidosis charity
The Freeman Heart & Lung Transplant Association
British Snoring and Sleep Apnoea Association
Association of Respiratory Nurses (ARNS)
Association of charted Physiotherapists in respiratory care (ACPRC)
List of Companies and retreat centers:
GlaxoSmithKline
Pfizer
Sanofi-Aventis
AstraZeneca
Novartis
Roche
Wyeth
Merk & Co
Lilly
Boehringer Ingelheim
Johnson & Johnson
Schering Plough
Novo Nordisk
Bayer Schering
Abbott
Teva
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Mundi Int
Gilead Sciences
Servier
Edwards Lifesciences
British American Tobacco
Imperial Tobacco Group
Reckitt Benckiser Group
Acm Global Central Laboratory Services Ltd
Acorn Polymers (U K ) Ltd
Access Health Products
Acm Global Central Laboratory Services Ltd
Acorn Equipment Co Ltd
Advanced Healthcare Ltd
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This page was last updated on November 22, 2024
