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As per available reports about, 42 Relevant Journals, 48 Conferences,80 Workshops are presently dedicated exclusively to administration and about 11 articles are being published on Administration.
Administration: Route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs). Nevertheless, some routes, especially the transdermal or transmucosal routes are commonly referred to routes of administration. The location of the target effect of active substances is usually rather a matter of pharmacodynamics (concerning e.g. the physiological effects of drugs. Furthermore, there is also a classification of routes of administration that basically distinguishes whether the effect is local (in "topical" administration) or systemic (in "enteral" or "parenteral" administration). Choice of route of administration The options are limited by the available forms of any given drug.
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Scope and Importance:
Oral administration is a part of enteral administration, which also includes, buccal (dissolved inside the cheek), sublabial (dissolved under the lip) and sublingual administration (dissolved under the tongue). Note that due to rapid absorption many consider SL a parenteral route.Enteral medications come in various forms, including tablets to swallow, chew or dissolve in water or under the tonguecapsules and chewable capsules (with a coating that dissolves in the stomach or bowel to release the medication there)time-release or sustained-release tablets and capsules (which release the medication gradually), powders or granules
Administration: Route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs). Nevertheless, some routes, especially the transdermal or transmucosal routes are commonly referred to routes of administration. The location of the target effect of active substances is usually rather a matter of Pharmacodynamics (concerning e.g. the physiological effects of drugs. Furthermore, there is also a classification of routes of administration that basically distinguishes whether the effect is local (in "Topical" administration) or systemic (in "enteral" or "Parenteral" administration). Choice of route of administration The options are limited by the available forms of any given drug.Still, there are advantages and disadvantages to consider with any route of administration. Oral The oral route is generally the most convenient and carries the lowest cost. However, some drugs can cause gastrointestinal tract irritation. For drugs that come in delayed release or time-release formulations, breaking the tablets or capsules can lead to more rapid delivery of the drug than intended. Topical By delivering drugs almost directly to the site of action, the risk of systemic side effects is reduced.
Market Analysis:
The global market for OTC medicines and dietary supplements reached $128.8 billion in 2012. This market is expected to reach to $142.7 billion in 2013 and $189.7 billion in 2018, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9%.
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This page was last updated on December 23, 2024
