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As per available reports about 11 relevant journals, 13 Conferences, 9 workshops are presently dedicated exclusively to clinical psychology and about 2,070 articles are being published on clinical psychology.
Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and behavioral problems. Clinical psychology is an integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective and behavioral well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. In many countries, clinical psychology is regulated as a health care profession.
Clinical psychologists aim to reduce the distress and improve the psychological wellbeing of clients. They use psychological methods and research to make positive changes to their clients' lives and offer various forms of treatment.Clinical psychologists often work alongside other professionals in multidisciplinary teams in order to deal with complex patient problems.
They work with clients of all ages on a variety of different mental or physical health problems including:
• Depression and anxiety
• Mental illness
• Adjustment to physical illness
• Neurological disorders
• Addictive behaviours
• Challenging behaviours
• Eating disorders
• Personal and family relationship problems
• Learning disabilities
Assessment:
Important area of expertise for many clinical psychologists is assessment, and there are indications that as many as 91% of psychologists utilize this core clinical practice. Such evaluations are usually conducted in order to gain insight into, and form hypotheses about, psychological or behavioral problems. As such, the results of these assessments are often used to clarify a person's diagnosis and assist in planning treatments or arranging for services. Methods used to gather information include formal tests, clinical interviews, reviews of past records, and behavioral observations.
There exist literally hundreds of various assessment tools, although only a few have been shown to have both high statistical validity (i.e., test actually measures what it claims to measure) and reliability (i.e., consistency). These measures generally fall within one of several categories, including the following:
• Intelligence & achievement tests – These tests are designed to measure certain aspects of cognitive functioning (often referred to as IQ) in comparison to a group of people with similar characteristics (such as age or education). These tests, including the WISC-IV and WAIS-IV, attempt to measure traits such as general knowledge, verbal comprehension, working memory, attention/concentration, logical reasoning, and visual/spatial perception. Several of these tests have been shown to accurately predict scholastic achievement and occupational performance, and help to identify a person's cognitive strengths and weaknesses.
• Personality tests – These tests aim to describe patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings, and generally fall within two categories: objective and projective. Objective measures, such as the MMPI-2 or the MCMI-III, are based on forced-choice responses—such as yes/no, true/false, or a rating scale—and generate scores that can be compared to a normative group. Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, use open-ended responses, often based on ambiguous stimuli, to reveal non-conscious psychological dynamics such as motivations and perceptions of the self and the world.
• Neuropsychological tests - Tests in this category are often used to evaluate a person's cognitive functioning and its relationship to a person's behavior or psychological functioning. They are used in a variety of settings, for purposes such as clarifying a diagnosis (especially in distinguishing between psychiatric and neurological symptoms), better understanding the impact of a person's neurological condition on their behavior, treatment planning (especially in rehabilitation settings), and for legal questions, such as determining if a person is faking their symptoms (also referred to as malingering) or if they are capable to stand trial.
• Clinical interviews – Clinical psychologists are also trained to gather data by observing behavior and collecting detailed histories. The clinical interview is a vital part of assessment, even when using other formalized measures, as it provides a context in which to understand test results. Psychologists can employ a structured format (such as the SCID or the MMSE), a semi-structured format (such as a sequence of questions) or an unstructured format to gather information about a person's symptoms and past and present functioning. Such assessments often include evaluations of general appearance and behavior, mood and affect, perception, comprehension, orientation, memory, thought process, and/or communication.
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Socities:
• Society of Clinical Psychology.
• Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists
• American Psychology-Law Society
• Pakistan Association of Clinical Psychologists (PACP)
• Virginia Psychological Association
• Association for Psychological Science
• Canadian Psychological Association
• Philadelphia Society of Clinical Psychologists
• Psychological Society of Ireland
• Society for Personality and Social Psychology
• American Psychological Association
• Western Psychological Association
• Southwestern Psychological Association
• Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers
• American Psychological Foundation
• Academy of Psychological Clinical Sciences
• ASEAN Regional Union of Psychological Societies (ARUPS)
• The Asian Association of Social Psychology (AASP)
Companies:
• Pfizer
• Johnson & Johnson
• Merck
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Novartis
• Abbot Laboratories/AbbVie
• Sanofi
• Medipolis
• Aurobindo Pharma
• Incepta Pharmaceuticals.
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This page was last updated on December 23, 2024
