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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is also known as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or less usually as consumptive coagulopathy, is a pathological process considered by the prevalent activation of the clotting cascade that results in the formation of blood clots in the small blood vessels throughout the body. This results to concession of tissue blood flow and can finally cause to multiple organ injury. As the coagulation process consumes clotting factors and platelets, normal clotting is disturbed and severe bleeding can cause from various sites. It does not cause by itself but only as a complicating factor from another primary condition, frequently in those with a serious illness. The combination of widespread tissue ischemia and simultaneous bleeding caused an increased risk of death in addition to that posed by the primary disease. DIC can be obvious and severe in some cases, but slighter and insidious in others. The diagnosis of DIC depends on the results of representative laboratory tests and clinical background. Treatment is mainly proceed towards the primary condition.
Signs and symptoms:
People with DIC, the primary cause frequentlyresults to symptoms and signs, and DIC is exposed on laboratory testing. The beginning of DIC can be sudden, as in endotoxic shock or amniotic fluid embolism, or it may be devious and chronic, as in cases of malignancy. Overt DIC can further cause to, or precipitate, multiorgan failure and widespread hemorrhage from various sites.
Causes:
DIC can happen in the following complaints:
• Solid tumors and hematologic malignancies (particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia).
• Obstetric problems: abruptio placentae, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, retained intrauterine fetal demise, septic abortion.
• Massive tissue injury: severe trauma, burns, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, extensive surgery.
• Sepsis or severe infection of any variety (essentially infections by any microorganism can cause DIC, however bacterial infections are the most common): bacterial (Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis), viral, fungal, or protozoan infections.
• Transfusion reactions (i.e., ABO incompatibility hemolytic reactions).
• Severe allergic or toxic reactions (i.e. snake or viper venom).
• Giant hemangiomas (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
• Large aortic aneurysms
Liver disease, HELLP syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/Hemolytic uremic syndrome, and malignant hypertension may mimic DIC but do not occur via the same pathway.
Pathophysiology:
Under homeostatic situations, the body is kept in a finely changed balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The activation of the coagulation cascade produces thrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin; the stable fibrin clot being the final product of hemostasis. The fibrinolytic system then functions to break down fibrinogen and fibrin. Activation of the fibrinolytic system creates plasmin (in the presence of thrombin), which is responsible for the lysis of fibrin clots. The breakdown of fibrinogen and fibrin results in polypeptides called fibrin degradation products (FDPs) or fibrin split products (FSPs). In a state of homeostasis, the attendance of plasmin is critical, as it is the central proteolytic enzyme of coagulation and is also essential for the breakdown of clots, or fibrinolysis.
Treatment:
Treatment of DIC is focused around treating the primary condition. Transfusions of platelets or fresh frozen plasma can be measured in terms of significant bleeding, or those with a planned aggressivetechnique. The aim goal of such transfusion depends on the clinical condition. Cryoprecipitate can be measured in those with a low fibrinogen level. Treatment of thrombosis with anticoagulants such as heparin is infrequently used due to the risk of bleeding. Antithrombin and antifibrinolytics are generally not used.
National Symposium And Workshop:
• EHA - Turkish Society of Hematology Joint Symposium.
• EHA - Russian Onco-Hematology Society Joint Symposium.
• EHA - Korean Society of Hematology Joint Symposium.
• EHA - Emirates Haematology Congress Joint Symposium.
• EHA - Hematology Society of Taiwain Joint Symposium.
• ACORD Workshop — Clinical Oncology Research Development Workshop.
• XXVIth International Symposium on Technological Innovations in Laboratory Hematology.
• HTRS 2015 Scientific Symposium.
• 2015 Scientific Symposium of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS.
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Related Conferences:
• Society for Hematology and Stem Cells 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting
• International Society of Hematology 35th World Congress.
• 47th Annual Congress of the German Society for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology
• 3rd World Congress on Controversies in Hematology.
• 2nd European Platelet Group Conference
.
• Combined Annual Scientific Meeting Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand, the Australian & New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion and the Australasian Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
• World Congress on Controversies in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.
• Indian Society of Haematology& Blood Transfusion and Indian Society Of Transfusion Medicine Conference 2014.
• 5th Emirates Haematology Conference 2015.
• OMICS, 3rd International Conference on Hematology & Blood Disorders.
Related Association:
• The Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS).
• The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH).
• American society of hematology.
• Platelet disorder support association.
• Oman Hereditary Blood Disorder Association.
• Indian Association of Blood Cancer & Allied Diseases.
• British Society For Haematology.
• International Society of Hematology.
Related Companies:
• Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
• Jiangsu D&R Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
• PellsysPharmaPvt Ltd.
• ZydusCadila Healthcare Ltd.
• Gland Pharma Limited.
• P. Upjohn.
• Aventis Pharma Limited.
• GlaxoSmithkline Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
• VHB Life Science Inc.
• Vencare Formulations Pvt Ltd.
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This page was last updated on November 22, 2024
