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As per available reports about 1 relevant journal, 2 Conferences, 3 symposiums are presently dedicated exclusively to Genomic imprinting and about 3 articles are being published on Genomic imprinting.
Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed.
It may also ensure transposable elements remain epigenetically silenced throughout gametogenic reprogramming to maintain genome integrity. It is an inheritance process independent of the classical Mendelian inheritance. In Homo sapiens, imprinted alleles are silenced such that the genes are either expressed only from the non-imprinted allele inherited from the mother, or in other instances from the non-imprinted allele inherited from the father. However, in plants parental genomic imprinting can refer to gene expression either solely or primarily from either parent's allele. Forms of genomic imprinting have been demonstrated in fungi, plants and animals.
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Scope & Importance:
Imprinted genes are susceptibility targets for numerous human pathologies because their functional haploid state enables a single genomic or epigenomic change to dysregulate their function causing potentially disastrous health effects. Imprinting anomalies are often manifested as developmental and neurological disorders when they occur during early development, and as cancer when altered later in life. Specifically, imprinting disorders have been linked to Angelman and Prader-Willi Syndromes, Alzheimer disease, autism, bipolar disorder, diabetes, male sexual orientation, obesity, and schizophrenia; as well as a number of cancers: bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, hepatocellular, lung, mesothelioma, ovarian, prostate, testicular, and leukemia, among others.
Genomic imprinting affects a subset of genes in mammals and results in a monoallelic, parental-specific expression pattern. Most of these genes are located in clusters that are regulated through the use of insulators or long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To distinguish the parental alleles, imprinted genes are epigenetically marked in gametes at imprinting control elements through the use of DNA methylation at the very least. Imprinted gene expression is subsequently conferred through lncRNAs, histone modifications, insulators, and higher-order chromatin structure. Such imprints are maintained after fertilization through these mechanisms despite extensive reprogramming of the mammalian genome. Genomic imprinting is an excellent model for understanding mammalian epigenetic regulation.
Genetic imprinting occurs in the ovary or testis early in the formation of the eggs and sperm. Some genes are imprinted so that they are switched off or inactive only if they are passed down through an egg cell; others will be inactivated only if they are passed down through a sperm cell. Imprinting will then occur again in the next generation when that person produces his or her own sperm or eggs.
Relevant Society and Associations
1) The Society for Molecular Imprinting
2) Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
Related associations:
1. National Human Genome Research Institute
2. Center for the Advancement of Genomics
3. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences
4. Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy
5. New York Genome Center
6. Genetic Information Research Institute
Genomic Companies :
1. Helix
2. Genetic Technologies Group
3. GeneWorks
4. Ambry Genetics
5. Biospyder Technologies
6. Predictive biology
7. NeoGenomics
8. Cypher Genomics
9. Agena Bioscience
10. Gigagen
11. ValueGene
This page will be updated regularly.
This page was last updated on November 22, 2024
