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An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of essential organic molecules inside body. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid, or polyphenols. Substituted phenols and derivatives of phenylenediamine are common antioxidants used to inhibit gum formation in gasoline (petrol).
Although oxidation reactions are crucial for life, they can also be damaging; plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxidases. Insufficient levels of antioxidants, or inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes, cause oxidative stress and may damage or kill cells. Oxidative stress is damage to cell structure and cell function by overly reactive oxygen-containing molecules and chronic excessive inflammation. Oxidative stress seems to play a significant role in many human diseases, including cancers. The use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively studied, particularly as treatments for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. For these reasons, oxidative stress can be considered to be both the cause and the consequence of some diseases.
Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness. Although initial studies suggested that antioxidant supplements might promote health, later large clinical trials with a limited number of antioxidants detected no benefit and even suggested that excess supplementation with certain putative antioxidants may be harmful. Antioxidants also have many industrial uses, such as preservatives in food and cosmetics and to prevent the degradation of rubber and gasoline.
About Omics Group
OMICS Group International is an esteemed organization of Open Access Journal Publications and worldwide International Science Conferences and Events. Its Eminence is spreading since, year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’. ConferenceSeries publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. ConferenceSeries has been focused only in taking the knowledge of Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions.
Major Companies Associated With Antioxidantss
1. Suan Farma, United States
2. Prinova, United States
3. Onecoup Lifescience Limited, China
4. Hangzhou HETD Industry Co., Ltd., China
5. Signum Biosciences, United States
6. BioChemica International, United States
7. Continental Chemical USA
8. Beneqem, United States
9. Tapi (Teva API), Israel
10. Pharma Resources International LLC, United States
Major Societies and Associations Associated With Antioxidantss
1. Society for Free Radical Research, EUROPE
2. International Society of Antioxidant in Nutrition and Health (ISANH)
3. American Society for Nutrition
4. American Chemical Society
5. Canadian Cancer Society
6. National Institute o
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This page was last updated on November 22, 2024
