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DNA methylation is a biochemical procedure where a methyl group is added to the cytosine or adenine DNA nucleotides. The degree of cytosine DNA methylation varies strongly between species, e.g. absolute quantification by mass spectrometry revealed 14% of cytosines methylated in Arabidopsis thaliana, 8% in Musmusculus, 2.3% in Escherichia coli, 0.03% in Drosophila, and almost none (< 0.0002%) in yeastspecies. DNA methylation may stably change the expression of genes in cells as cells divide and distinguish from embryonic stem cells into specific tissues. The subsequent change is usually permanent and unidirectional, preventing a cell from reverting to a stem cell or converting into a different cell type. DNA methylation is naturally removed during zygote formation and re-formation through successive cell divisions during development. Though, the latest research proves that hydroxylation of methyl groups occurs rather than complete removal of methyl groups in the zygote. Some methylation modifications that regulate gene expression are heritable and cause genomic imprinting
DNA methylation reduce the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful expanses of DNA that have been combined into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis structure of Chromatin, which allows a single cell to grow into multiple organs or achieve multiple functions. DNA methylation also plays a important role in the formation of all types of Cancer.
DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine has the specific effect of reducing gene expression and has been found in every vertebrateobserved. In adult somatic cells, DNA methylation typically occurs in a CpG dinucleotide context; non-CpG methylation is widespread in embryonic stem cellsand has also been specified in neural development.
In mammals:
DNA methylation is important for normal development and is related with a number of key processes comprisinggenomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, suppression of repetitive elements, and carcinogenesis.
In cancer:
DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription and a large body of sign has recognized that genes with high levels of 5-methylcytosine in their promoter region are transcriptionally silent, and that DNA methylation gradually gathers upon long-term gene silencing.
In atherosclerosis
In cardiovascular disease, Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation have been concerned including atherosclerosis. In animal models of atherosclerosis, vascular tissue as well as blood cells such as mononuclear blood cells shows global hypomethylation with gene-specific areas of hypermethylation.
In aging
A longitudinal study of twin children, exposed that between the ages of 5 and 10 there was divergence of methylation patterns due to environmental rather than genetic influences.
DNA methyltransferases:
In mammalian cells, DNA methylation happens mainly at the C5 position of CpGdinucleotides and is carried out by two general classes of enzymatic activities – maintenance methylation and de novomethylation.
Conservation methylation activity is essential to preserve DNA methylation after every cellular DNA replication cycle. Without the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), the replication machinery itself would yield daughter strands that are unmethylated and, over time, would result to passive demethylation. DNMT1 is the proposed maintenance methyltransferase that is responsible for copying DNA methylation patterns to the daughter strands during DNA replication.
National Symposium And Workshop:
• 2013 DNA Symposium, Wednesday, September 25, 2013, USA.
• 23rd Annual Symposium on Molecular Pathology Tuesday/Wednesday, September 16-17, 2014, USA.
• Symposium NN: DNA Nanotechnology, April 9-13, 2012, San Francisco, California.
• DNA Methylation (Z1), March 29—April 3, 2015, USA.
• Epithelia: The Building Blocks of Multicellularity, Industry Workshop, 27 August - Saturday 30 August 2014, Heidelberg, Germany.
• Frontiers in Stem Cells & Cancer, 29 - 31 March 2015, Heidelberg, Germany.
• National Workshop and Hands on Training on Plant Gene Repository and Plant Gene Database Handling,September 17 - 19, 2014, India.
• Two days National Workshop on "Use of Bioinformatics in Agriculture/ Plant Sciences", March 12-13, 2010, India.
• EMBO Symposium — Long regulatory RNAs , 13 Sep 2014 → 18 Sep 2014, Poland
. • Workshop on Mathematics for Life Sciences, 14 Sep 2014 → 16 Sep 2014, Algeria.
OMICS Group one of the renowned Open Access publishers is proud to serve the scientific community with a team of 20 k Editorial board members, close to 300 Open Access Journals and grounding close to century platforms for upcoming and ongoing research hits in mean with conferences. In addition OMICS too provides a rapid review process of 21 days with the reading number touching 2 Million. What else it requires if scientific community could find a single platform where the presented research is easily published, OMICS serves the same duo. Each and every research effort has a scientific concept behind it which needed to be upfronted to the scientific community to increase the probabilistic discovery from conceptualization of scientific ideas.
Related Conferences:
• International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, London, (Aug 21-22, 2014)
• International Conference on Bioinformatics, Berlin, (Sep 15-16, 2014)
• International Conference on Cell and Stem Cell Engineering, Rome, (Sep 18-19, 2014)
• International Conference on Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, Osaka (Oct 12-13, 2014)
• International Conference on Chromosomal Genetics and Evolution, London(Sep 26-27, 2014)
• International Conference on Genetic Science and Engineering, Penang , (Dec 04-05, 2014)
• International Conference on MicroRNAs and Single Molecule Biology, Singapore , (Jan 08-09, 2015)
• International Conference on Systems Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Berlin, (Sep 15-16, 2014)
• International Conference on Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Dubai, (Jan 30-31, 2015)
• OMICS,4th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapy, August 10-12, 2015 UK.
Related Association:
• Association of forensic DNA analysts and administrators.
• NP society of DNA.
• International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi.
• Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
• Institute of Molecular Biology, Hong Kong.
• European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
• Imperial College Genetics and Genomics Research Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, London.
• National Human Genome Research Institute, USA.
• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia.
• National Institute of Genetics, Japan.
Related Companies:
• Affymetrix, UK.
• Amgen, USA.
• Applera, Norwalk, Connecticut, United States.
• Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California.
• Asper Biotech, Estonia.
• Celera Genomics, USA.
• DeCODE genetics, Iceland.
• Genentech, San Francisco, CA.
• Genetix, Hampshire, UK.
• GenePeeks, New York.
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This page was last updated on November 21, 2024
